IEC 62682
®
Edition 2.0 2022-12 COMMENTED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
colour inside
Management of alarm systems for the process
industries
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
ICS 13.320; 25.040.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-6270-2
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
– 2 – IEC 62682:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
1.2.6
Fire and gas detection and protective systems.................................................... 14
3.2
Abbreviated terms....................................................................................................... 25
4
Conformance to this document............................................................................................ 26
4.1
Conformance guidance............................................................................................... 26
4.2
Existing systems........................................................................................................ 26
4.3
Use of required functionalities..................................................................................... 26
4.4
Responsibility............................................................................................................. 26
4.5
Local Jurisdictions...................................................................................................... 26
5
Alarm system models.......................................................................................................... 26
5.1
Alarm systems............................................................................................................ 26
5.2
Alarm management life cycle....................................................................................... 26
5.2.1
Alarm management life cycle model..................................................................... 26
5.2.2
Alarm management life cycle stages.................................................................... 28
5.2.3
Alarm management life cycle
entry points............................................................ 31
5.2.4
Simultaneous and encompassing stages.............................................................. 31
5.2.5
Alarm management life cycle
loops..................................................................... 31
5.2.6
Alarm management life cycle
stage inputs and outputs....................................... 32
5.3
Alarm states............................................................................................................... 33
5.3.1
Alarm state transition diagram.............................................................................. 33
5.3.2
Alarm states........................................................................................................ 35
5.3.3
Alarm state transition paths................................................................................. 37
5.4
Alarm response timeline.............................................................................................. 38
5.4.1
General............................................................................................................... 38
5.4.2
Normal (A)........................................................................................................... 39
5.4.3
Unacknowledged (B)............................................................................................ 39
5.4.4
Acknowledged (C) and response......................................................................... 39
5.4.5
Return-to-normal (D)............................................................................................ 40
IEC 62682:2022 CMV © IEC 2022 – 3 –
5.4.6
Allowable response time.................................................................................... 40
5.4.7
Alarm setpoint.................................................................................................... 40
5.4.8
Consequence threshold...................................................................................... 40
5.4.9
Alarm deadband................................................................................................. 40
5.5
Feedback model
of operator-process interaction..................................................... 40
5.5.1
General............................................................................................................... 40
5.5.2
Detect................................................................................................................ 41
5.5.3
Diagnose............................................................................................................ 41
5.5.4
Respond............................................................................................................. 41
5.5.5
Performance shaping
factors............................................................................. 41
6
Alarm philosophy................................................................................................................ 42
6.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 42
6.2
Alarm philosophy contents........................................................................................ 42
6.2.1
General............................................................................................................... 42
6.2.2
Purpose of alarm system.................................................................................. 43
6.2.3
Definitions.......................................................................................................... 43
6.2.4
References......................................................................................................... 43
6.2.5
Roles and responsibilities for alarm management............................................. 43
6.2.6
Alarm design principles...................................................................................... 44
6.2.7
Alarm setpoint determination.............................................................................. 44
6.2.8
Prioritization method.......................................................................................... 44
6.2.9
Alarm class definition......................................................................................... 44
6.2.10
Highly managed alarms...................................................................................... 44
6.2.11
Rationalization.................................................................................................... 45
6.2.12
Alarm documentation.......................................................................................... 45
6.2.13
Alarm design
guidance....................................................................................... 45
6.2.14
Specific alarm
design considerations................................................................ 46
6.2.15
HMI design principles......................................................................................... 46
6.2.16
Approved enhanced
and advanced alarming
techniques................................... 46
6.2.17
Implementation guidance.................................................................................... 46
6.2.18
Alarm response procedures............................................................................... 46
6.2.19
Training............................................................................................................... 47
6.2.20
Alarm shelving.................................................................................................... 47
6.2.21
Alarm system maintenance................................................................................. 47
6.2.22
Testing of the alarm system alarms................................................................... 47
6.2.23
Alarm system performance monitoring.............................................................. 47
6.2.24
Alarm history preservation................................................................................. 48
6.2.25
Management of change...................................................................................... 48
6.2.26
Alarm system management audit....................................................................... 48
6.2.27
Related site procedures..................................................................................... 48
6.3
Alarm philosophy development and maintenance..................................................... 49
7
Alarm system requirements specification........................................................................... 49
7.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 49
7.2
Recommendations...................................................................................................... 49
7.3
Development.............................................................................................................. 50
7.4
Systems evaluation.................................................................................................... 50
7.5
Packaged systems.................................................................................................... 50
7.6
Customization............................................................................................................. 50
7.7
Alarm system requirements testing verification......................................................... 51
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8
Identification........................................................................................................................ 51
8.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 51
8.2
Alarm identification methods..................................................................................... 51
8.3
Identification training.................................................................................................. 51
8.4
Identification documentation...................................................................................... 51
9
Rationalization..................................................................................................................... 52
9.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 52
9.2
Rationalization documentation.................................................................................... 52
9.2.1
Rationalization documentation requirements....................................................... 52
9.2.2
Rationalization documentation recommendations............................................... 52
9.2.3
Plant states........................................................................................................ 53
9.3
Alarm justification...................................................................................................... 53
9.3.1
Alarm justification process................................................................................. 53
9.3.2
Justification approach........................................................................................ 53
9.3.3
Individual alarm
justification............................................................................... 53
9.3.4
Impact on alarm system
performance................................................................ 54
9.4
Alarm setpoint determination..................................................................................... 54
9.5
Prioritization............................................................................................................... 54
9.6
Classification.............................................................................................................. 54
9.7
Review....................................................................................................................... 55
9.8
Removal of rejected alarms....................................................................................... 55
9.9
Use of Documentation............................................................................................... 55
10
Detailed design:
basic alarm design.................................................................................. 55
10.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 55
10.2
Basic alarm
design capabilities................................................................................. 55
10.3
Usage of alarm states............................................................................................... 55
10.3.1
Alarm state triggering........................................................................................ 55
10.3.2
Alarm states and other
logic functions.............................................................. 56
10.3.3
Alarm suppression and other
logic functions.................................................... 56
10.4
Alarm types............................................................................................................... 56
10.5
Alarm attributes......................................................................................................... 56
10.5.1
General............................................................................................................... 56
10.5.2
Alarm description............................................................................................... 57
10.5.3
Alarm setpoints.................................................................................................. 57
10.5.4
Alarm priority...................................................................................................... 57
10.5.5
Alarm deadbands............................................................................................... 57
10.5.6
Alarm on-delay and off-delay............................................................................ 58
10.6
Programmatic changes
to alarm attributes................................................................ 58
10.7
Review of basic alarm
design................................................................................... 58
11
Detailed design:
human-machine interface design
for alarm systems............................... 58
11.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 58
11.2
HMI functions............................................................................................................ 59
11.2.1
General............................................................................................................... 59
11.2.2
HMI information requirements............................................................................. 59
11.2.3
HMI functional requirements............................................................................... 59
11.2.4
HMI functional recommendations....................................................................... 59
11.2.5
HMI display requirements................................................................................... 59
11.2.6
Alarm records requirements............................................................................... 59
IEC 62682:2022 CMV © IEC 2022 – 5 –
11.2.7
Alarm records recommendations........................................................................ 60
11.3
Alarm states indications............................................................................................ 60
11.3.1
General............................................................................................................... 60
11.3.2
Required alarm
state indications........................................................................ 60
11.3.3
Recommended alarm
state indications.............................................................. 60
11.3.4
Audible alarm state indications.......................................................................... 62
11.4
Alarm priority indications........................................................................................... 62
11.4.1
General............................................................................................................... 62
11.4.2
Alarm priority indication requirements................................................................ 62
11.4.3
Colour alarm priority indications requirements................................................... 62
11.4.4
Recommended alarm
priority indications........................................................... 62
11.5
Alarm message indications........................................................................................ 63
11.5.1
General............................................................................................................... 63
11.5.2
Recommended alarm
message indications........................................................ 63
11.6
Alarm displays........................................................................................................... 63
11.6.1
General............................................................................................................... 63
11.6.2
Alarm summary display...................................................................................... 64
11.6.3
Alarm summary status........................................................................................ 65
11.6.4
Alarm log displays............................................................................................. 65
11.6.5
Process displays............................................................................................... 66
11.6.6
Tag detail displays............................................................................................. 66
11.6.7
Other display graphic elements.......................................................................... 66
11.7
Alarm shelving........................................................................................................... 66
11.7.1
General............................................................................................................... 66
11.7.2
Alarm shelving functional requirements............................................................. 66
11.7.3
Alarm shelving functional recommendations...................................................... 67
11.7.4
Shelved alarm displays...................................................................................... 67
11.8
Out-of-service alarms................................................................................................. 68
11.8.1
General............................................................................................................... 68
11.8.2
Out-of-service alarm
functional requirements..................................................... 68
11.8.3
Out-of-service alarm
displays............................................................................. 68
11.9
Alarms suppressed by design................................................................................... 69
11.9.1
General............................................................................................................... 69
11.9.2
Designed suppression functional requirements................................................. 69
11.9.3
Designed suppression functional recommendations......................................... 69
11.9.4
Suppressed-by-design displays......................................................................... 69
11.10
Alarm annunciator integration.................................................................................... 70
11.10.1
General............................................................................................................... 70
11.10.2
Alarm annunciator integration recommendations................................................ 70
11.10.3
Alarm annunciator display integration recommendations................................... 70
11.11
Safety related alarm HMI........................................................................................... 70
11.11.1
General............................................................................................................... 70
11.11.2
Independent safety
related alarm HMI............................................................... 70
12
Detailed design:
enhanced and advanced alarm methods alarming.................................. 70
12.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 70
12.2
Basis of enhanced and advanced alarming............................................................... 71
12.2.1
General............................................................................................................... 71
12.2.2
Effort, manpower requirements and complexity................................................ 71
12.3
Information linking..................................................................................................... 71
– 6 – IEC 62682:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
12.4
Logic-based alarming................................................................................................ 71
12.4.1
General............................................................................................................... 71
12.4.2
Alarm attribute modification............................................................................... 72
12.4.3
Externally enabled
systems............................................................................... 72
12.4.4
Logical alarm suppression and attribute modification....................................... 72
12.4.5
State-based alarming.......................................................................................... 72
12.5
Model-based alarming............................................................................................... 72
12.6
Additional alarming
considerations............................................................................ 72
12.6.1
General............................................................................................................... 72
12.6.2 Non-control room considerations.....................................................................
12.6.2
Remote alarm systems....................................................................................... 73
12.6.3
Supplementary alarm
systems........................................................................... 73
12.6.4
Batch process considerations............................................................................ 73
12.7
Training, testing, and auditing systems..................................................................... 74
12.8
Alarm attribute enforcement....................................................................................... 74
13
Implementation.................................................................................................................... 74
13.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 74
13.2
Implementation planning............................................................................................ 74
13.3
Implementation training.............................................................................................. 74
13.3.1
General............................................................................................................... 74
13.3.2
Implementation training
requirements for new or modified alarms.................... 74
13.3.3 Implementation training requirements ..............................................................
13.3.3
Training documentation requirements for new or modified highly
managed alarms................................................................................................. 75
13.3.4
Training documentation recommendations for new or modified alarms............ 75
13.3.5
Implementation training
requirements for new or modified
alarm
systems.............................................................................................................. 75
13.3.6
Implementation training
recommendations for new or modified alarm
systems.............................................................................................................. 75
13.4
Implementation testing
and validation verification.................................................... 75
13.4.1
General............................................................................................................... 75
13.4.2
Implementation testing
requirements for highly
managed alarms...................... 75
13.4.3
Implementation testing
recommendations for new or modified
alarms............. 76
13.4.4
Implementation testing
requirements for new
or modified alarm
systems........ 76
13.5
Implementation documentation................................................................................... 76
13.5.1
General............................................................................................................... 76
13.5.2
Documentation requirements.............................................................................. 76
13.5.3
Implementation documentation recommendations.............................................. 77
14
Operation............................................................................................................................ 77
14.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 77
14.2
Alarm response procedures....................................................................................... 77
14.2.1
Alarm response procedures requirements.......................................................... 77
14.2.2
Alarm response procedure recommendations.................................................... 77
14.3
Alarm shelving........................................................................................................... 78
14.3.1
Alarm shelving requirements.............................................................................. 78
14.3.2
Alarm shelving for highly
managed alarms........................................................ 78
14.3.3
Alarm shelving recommendations....................................................................... 78
14.3.4
Alarm shelving record requirements................................................................... 78
14.3.5
Shift change
procedures and alarm review........................................................ 78
IEC 62682:2022 CMV © IEC 2022 – 7 –
14.4
Refresher training for operators................................................................................ 78
14.4.1
Refresher training
requirements for operators.................................................... 78
14.4.2
Refresher training
documentation requirements for highly
managed
alarms................................................................................................................ 78
14.4.3
Refresher training content for highly
managed alarms...................................... 79
14.4.4
Refresher training
recommendations for alarms................................................. 79
15
Maintenance........................................................................................................................ 79
15.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 79
15.2
Periodic alarm
testing................................................................................................ 79
15.2.1
General............................................................................................................... 79
15.2.2
Periodic alarm
testing requirements................................................................... 79
15.2.3
Periodic alarm
testing for highly
managed alarms............................................. 79
15.2.4
Periodic alarm
test procedure requirements...................................................... 80
15.2.5
Periodic alarm
test procedure recommendations............................................... 80
15.2.6
Periodic alarm
testing recommendations........................................................... 80
15.3
Out-of-service alarms................................................................................................. 80
15.3.1
General............................................................................................................... 80
15.3.2
Out-of-service process
requirements.................................................................. 80
15.3.3
Out-of-service highly
managed alarms............................................................... 80
15.3.4
Out-of-service process
recommendations.......................................................... 81
15.3.5
Requirements for returning alarms
to service.................................................... 81
15.4
Equipment repair....................................................................................................... 81
15.5
Equipment replacement............................................................................................. 81
15.6
Refresher training
for maintenance............................................................................ 81
15.6.1
General requirements.......................................................................................... 81
15.6.2
Refresher training
requirements for highly
managed alarms.............................. 81
15.6.3
Refresher training
recommendations for alarms................................................. 81
16
Monitoring and assessment................................................................................................ 81
16.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 81
16.2 Requirements ........................................................................................................
16.3 Monitoring, assessment, audit,
and
benchmark ......................................................
16.4 Alarm system monitoring .......................................................................................
16.2
Performance monitoring requirements.......................................................................... 82
16.3
Monitoring and assessment......................................................................................... 82
16.3.1
General............................................................................................................... 82
16.3.2
Alarm system performance metrics...................................................................... 83
16.3.3
Average alarm rate per operator console.............................................................. 83
16.3.4
Peak alarm rate per operator console.................................................................. 83
16.3.5
Alarm floods....................................................................................................... 84
16.3.6
Frequently occurring
alarms................................................................................. 84
16.3.7
Chattering and fleeting alarms.............................................................................. 85
16.3.8
Stale alarms........................................................................................................ 85
16.3.9
Annunciated alarm
priority distribution.................................................................. 85
16.3.10
Rationalization and alarm priority distribution....................................................... 86
16.4
Unauthorized alarm suppression.................................................................................. 86
16.5
Alarm attribute monitoring........................................................................................... 86
16.6
Reporting of alarm system
analyses............................................................................ 86
16.7
Alarm performance metric summary............................................................................. 86
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17
Management of change...................................................................................................... 87
17.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 87
17.2
Changes subject to management of change............................................................. 87
17.3
Change documentation requirements......................................................................... 88
17.4 Change documentation recommendations ..............................................................
17.4
Alarm removal recommendations.............................................................................. 88
17.5
Alarm attribute modification documentation review
recommendations...................... 89
18
Audit................................................................................................................................... 89
18.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 89
18.2
Benchmark................................................................................................................. 89
18.3
Initial audit
or benchmark Audit requirements........................................................... 89
18.4
Audit interviews......................................................................................................... 89
18.5
Audit process recommendations............................................................................... 90
18.6
Action plans.............................................................................................................. 90
Bibliography............................................................................................................................... 91
List of comments....................................................................................................................... 92
Figure 2 – Alarm management life cycle.................................................................................... 28
Figure 3 – Alarm state transition diagram.................................................................................. 35
Figure 4 – Alarm response
timeline.............................................................................................. 39
Figure 5 – Feedback model of operator-process interaction........................................................ 41
Table 1 – Alarm management life cycle stage inputs and outputs............................................ 33
Table 2 – Summary of alarm states........................................................................................... 37
Table 3 – Required and recommended alarm
philosophy contents.............................................. 42
Table 4 – Recommended alarm
state indications.......................................................................... 62
Table 5 – Average alarm rates..................................................................................................... 83
Table 6 – Example annunciated alarm priority distribution............................................................ 85
Table 7 – Recommended alarm performance metrics
summary................................................... 87
IEC 62682:2022 CMV © IEC 2022 – 9 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
MANAGEMENT OF ALARM SYSTEMS
FOR THE PROCESS
INDUSTRIES
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National
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This commented version (CMV) of the official
standard IEC 62682:2022 edition 2.0 allows the user to identify
the changes made to the previous IEC 62682:2014 edition
1.0. Furthermore, comments
from IEC SC 65A experts are provided to explain the reasons of the most relevant changes,
or to clarify any part of the content.
A
vertical bar appears in the margin wherever a change has been made. Additions are in green text,
deletions are in strikethrough red text. Experts' comments are identified
by a blue-background number.
Mouse over a number to display a pop-up note with the comment.
This publication contains the CMV and the official
standard. The full list of comments is available at the end of the CMV.
– 10 – IEC 62682:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
IEC 62682 has been prepared by subcommittee 65A: System aspects,
of IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement, control and automation. It is an International Standard.
This second edition
cancels and replaces
the first edition
published in 2014. This edition
constitutes a technical
revision.
This edition includes
minor technical changes
with respect to the previous
edition, based on changes
to ANSI/ISA-18.2:2016. These include the inclusion of packaged systems in the
scope (Clause 1), definitions (Clause
3) and alarm system requirements specification (Clause 7). There are changes to improve clarity
in wording throughout the document.
The text of this International Standard
is based on the following
documents:
|
Draft |
Report on voting |
|
65A/1046/FDIS |
65A/1064/RVD |
Full information on the voting
for its approval can be found in the report
on voting indicated in the above table.
The language
used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document
types developed by IEC are described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents
of this document will remain
unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific
document. At this date, the document will be
·
reconfirmed,
·
withdrawn,
·
replaced by a revised edition,
or
·
amended.
IEC 62682:2022 CMV © IEC 2022 – 11 –
INTRODUCTION
Purpose
This International Standard
addresses the development, design, installation, and
management of alarm systems in the process
industries. Alarm management includes multiple work processes throughout the alarm system management life cycle. This document
defines the terminology and models to develop an alarm system,
and it defines the work processes recommended to effectively maintain
the alarm system throughout the life cycle.
Ineffective alarm systems have often been cited as
contributing factors in the investigation reports following major process incidents. This document is intended to provide a methodology that will result in the improved safety, quality,
and operation in the process industries.
The first edition of this
document was adapted from ANSI/ISA-18.2-2009, Management of Alarm Systems
for the Process Industries, an International Society
of Automation (ISA) standard, and with due consideration of other guidance
documents that have been developed throughout industry. This second
edition has incorporated some changes made in ANSI/ISA-18.2-2016.
This document is not the first effort
to define terminology and practices for effective alarm systems.
In 1999 the Engineering Equipment and Materials Users’ Association (EEMUA)
issued Publication 191, Alarm Systems: A Guide to Design, Management and Procurement, with the 2nd edition published
in 2007 and the 3rd edition published in 2013. In 2003 the User Association of Process Control
Technology in Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Industries (NAMUR) issued worksheet
NA 102, Alarm Management, which was updated in 2008. During the development and maintenance of this document,
every effort was made to keep terminology and practices consistent with the previous
work of these respected organizations and committees.
This document provides
requirements for alarm management and alarm systems.
It is intended for those individuals and organizations that
a)
manufacture or implement
embedded alarm systems,
b)
manufacture or implement install third-party alarm system software,
c) design or install alarm systems,
d) operate and/or maintain alarm systems, and
e) audit or assess alarm system performance.
Organization
This document is organized in two parts. The first part is introductory in nature, (Clauses
1 to 5). The main body of the standard follows (Clauses 6 to 18).
The first part (Clause 1 to Clause 3) are normative
without any mandatory requirements. Clause 4 contains mandatory
requirements. Clause 5 is normative without any mandatory
requirements. The main body
of the standard (Clause 6 to Clause 18), describes mandatory requirements and non-mandatory recommendations.
Within this document, mandatory
requirements are stated with "shall", non-mandatory recommendations are stated with "should",
and permissible requirements are stated with "may". The phase "is
required" indicates the requirement has been stated
previously in the document.
– 12 – IEC 62682:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
MANAGEMENT
OF ALARM SYSTEMS
FOR THE PROCESS
INDUSTRIES
1
Scope
1.1
General applicability
This document specifies
general principles and processes for the lifecycle management of alarm systems
based on programmable electronic controller and computer-based human- machine interface (HMI) technology controls system and human-machine interfaces (HMI)
for facilities in the process
industries. It covers
all alarms to be presented to the operator
through the control
system, which includes
alarms from basic process control
systems, annunciators panels, packaged systems, and safety instrumented systems, fire and gas systems, and emergency response
systems 2.
The practices in this document
are applicable to continuous, batch,
and discrete processes. There can be differences in implementation to meet the specific needs based on process type.
In jurisdictions where the governing authorities (e.g., national,
federal, state, province, county, city) have established process
safety design, process
safety management, or other requirements, in addition
to the requirements of this standard, these should be taken into consideration.
The primary function
within the alarm system is to notify
operators of abnormal
process conditions or equipment malfunctions and support the response.
The alarm systems can include both the basic process control
system (BPCS) and the safety
instrumented system (SIS),
each of which uses measurements of process conditions and logic to generate alarms.
Figure 1 illustrates the concepts of alarm and response dataflow
through the alarm system. The alarm system also includes a mechanism for communicating the alarm information to the operator via an HMI, usually a computer screen or an annunciator panel. Additional functions of the alarm system are an alarm and event log, an alarm historian, and the generation of performance metrics for the alarm system. There are external systems
that can use the data from the alarm system.
Figure 1 is not intended to represent physical
wiring.
IEC 62682:2022 CMV © IEC 2022 – 13 –
IEC
NOTE 1 Packaged
systems (e.g., refrigeration machines) can be included in the control
system. NOTE 2 Panel can refer to annunciator panel or other panel types.
NOTE 3
The lines are intended to represent data flow and not physical
wiring.
Figure
1 – Alarm system dataflow
– 14 – IEC 62682:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
1.2
Exclusions and inclusions
1.2.1
Operators
The functions
of the operator receiving and responding to alarms are included in the scope of this document. Management of operators is excluded from the scope of this document.
1.2.2
Process sensors and final
control elements
The alarms from implemented in sensors and final control
elements are included
in the scope of this document. Process sensors
and final control
elements are shown in Figure
1 to indicate
alarms can be implemented in these devices. The design and management of process
sensors and final control
elements are excluded
from the scope of this document.
1.2.3
Annunciators
The integration of annunciators into an alarm system
is included in the scope of this document. The specification and design of annunciators is excluded from the scope of this document.
1.2.4
Human machine
interface
The appearance of alarms
in the HMI and functions of alarm related
displays are included
in the scope of this document. The design and maintenance of the HMI are excluded
from this document.
NOTE ANSI/ISA-101.01-2015 provides
information on HMI design and maintenance.
1.2.5
Safety instrumented systems
The alarms from implemented in a safety
instrumented system are included in the scope of this document. The safety instrumented system (SIS) is shown in Figure 1 to indicate
alarms can
be implemented in these devices. The design and management of safety instrumented
systems are excluded from
this document.
NOTE IEC 61511-1 provides information on safety instrumented systems.
The alarms and diagnostics from fire detection
and protective systems
or security systems
that are presented to the operator
through the control
system are included
in the scope of this standard. Fire detection
and protective systems
and security systems
are excluded from the scope of this standard.
1.2.6
Fire and gas detection
and protective systems
The alarms from fire and gas detection and protective systems
presented to the operator through
the control system are included
in the scope of this document. The design and management of fire and gas detection and protective systems
is excluded from the scope of this document.
1.2.7
Security systems
The alarms from security
systems presented to the operator
through the control
system are included
in the scope of this document. The design and management of security systems
is excluded from the scope of this document.
1.2.8
Packaged systems
The alarms from packaged
systems presented to the operator
through the control
system are included
in the scope of this document. The design and management of packaged
systems is excluded from the scope of this document.
IEC
62682:2022 CMV © IEC 2022 – 15 –
1.2.9
Event data
The indication and processing of analog, discrete, and event data other than alarm
indications are excluded
from the scope of this document. The analysis techniques using both alarm and event data are excluded
from the scope of this document.
1.2.10
Alarm identification methods
Required methods of alarm identification are not
specified in this document. Examples of alarm
identification methods are listed.
1.2.11
Management of change
A specific management of change (MOC) procedure is not included
in this document. Some requirements and recommendations for an MOC procedure are included.
1.2.12 Purchase
specification
This document is not intended
to be used as an alarm system
purchase specification.
2
Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
None.
There are no normative references in this document.
IEC 62682
®
Edition 2.0 2022-12
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
NORME INTERNATIONALE
Management of alarm systems for the process
industries
Gestion de systèmes
d’alarme dans les industries de transformation
– 2 – IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
1.2.6
Fire
and gas detection
and protective systems................................................... 14
3
Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms............................................................................. 15
3.1
Terms and definitions.................................................................................................. 15
3.2
Abbreviated terms....................................................................................................... 24
4
Conformance to this document............................................................................................ 25
4.1
Conformance guidance................................................................................................ 25
4.2
Existing systems........................................................................................................ 25
4.3
Use of required functionalities..................................................................................... 25
4.4
Responsibility............................................................................................................. 25
4.5
Local Jurisdictions...................................................................................................... 25
5
Alarm system models.......................................................................................................... 25
5.1
Alarm systems............................................................................................................ 25
5.2
Alarm management life cycle....................................................................................... 25
5.2.1
Alarm management life cycle model.................................................................... 25
5.2.2
Alarm management life cycle stages.................................................................... 26
5.2.3
Alarm management life cycle entry points............................................................ 29
5.2.4
Simultaneous and encompassing stages............................................................. 29
5.2.5
Alarm management life cycle loops..................................................................... 29
5.2.6
Alarm management life cycle stage inputs and outputs....................................... 30
5.3
Alarm states............................................................................................................... 31
5.3.1
Alarm state transition
diagram............................................................................. 31
5.3.2
Alarm states........................................................................................................ 32
5.3.3
Alarm state transition paths................................................................................. 34
5.4
Alarm response timeline.............................................................................................. 35
5.4.1
General............................................................................................................... 35
5.4.2
Normal (A).......................................................................................................... 36
5.4.3
Unacknowledged (B)........................................................................................... 36
5.4.4
Acknowledged (C) and response......................................................................... 36
5.4.5
Return-to-normal (D)............................................................................................ 37
IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022 – 3 –
5.4.6
Allowable response time................................................................................... 37
5.4.7
Alarm setpoint................................................................................................... 37
5.4.8
Consequence threshold..................................................................................... 37
5.4.9
Alarm deadband................................................................................................ 37
5.5
Feedback model of operator-process interaction.................................................... 37
5.5.1
General............................................................................................................... 37
5.5.2
Detect................................................................................................................ 38
5.5.3
Diagnose............................................................................................................ 38
5.5.4
Respond............................................................................................................. 38
5.5.5
Performance shaping factors............................................................................ 38
6
Alarm
philosophy............................................................................................................... 39
6.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 39
6.2
Alarm philosophy contents....................................................................................... 39
6.2.1
General............................................................................................................... 39
6.2.2
Purpose of alarm system.................................................................................. 40
6.2.3
Definitions.......................................................................................................... 40
6.2.4
References......................................................................................................... 40
6.2.5
Roles and responsibilities for alarm management........................................... 40
6.2.6
Alarm design principles..................................................................................... 40
6.2.7
Alarm setpoint determination............................................................................ 41
6.2.8
Prioritization
method......................................................................................... 41
6.2.9
Alarm class definition....................................................................................... 41
6.2.10
Highly managed alarms..................................................................................... 41
6.2.11
Rationalization..................................................................................................... 41
6.2.12
Alarm documentation........................................................................................ 42
6.2.13
Alarm design guidance...................................................................................... 42
6.2.14
Specific alarm design
considerations............................................................... 42
6.2.15
HMI design principles........................................................................................ 42
6.2.16
Approved enhanced and advanced alarming
techniques................................. 43
6.2.17
Implementation
guidance.................................................................................. 43
6.2.18
Alarm response procedures.............................................................................. 43
6.2.19
Training............................................................................................................... 43
6.2.20
Alarm shelving................................................................................................... 43
6.2.21
Alarm system maintenance............................................................................... 43
6.2.22
Testing of alarms.............................................................................................. 43
6.2.23
Alarm system performance monitoring............................................................. 44
6.2.24
Alarm history preservation................................................................................ 44
6.2.25
Management of change..................................................................................... 44
6.2.26
Alarm management audit................................................................................... 44
6.2.27
Related site procedures.................................................................................... 44
6.3
Alarm philosophy development and maintenance..................................................... 45
7
Alarm system requirements specification.......................................................................... 45
7.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 45
7.2
Recommendations...................................................................................................... 45
7.3
Development.............................................................................................................. 46
7.4
Systems evaluation.................................................................................................. 46
7.5
Packaged systems.................................................................................................... 46
7.6
Customization............................................................................................................. 46
7.7
Alarm system requirements verification.................................................................... 46
– 4 – IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022
8
Identification........................................................................................................................ 46
8.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 46
8.2
Alarm identification methods.................................................................................... 47
8.3
Identification
training................................................................................................ 47
8.4
Identification
documentation.................................................................................... 47
9
Rationalization..................................................................................................................... 47
9.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 47
9.2
Rationalization
documentation.................................................................................. 48
9.2.1
Rationalization
documentation requirements.................................................... 48
9.2.2
Rationalization
documentation recommendations............................................ 48
9.2.3
Plant states....................................................................................................... 48
9.3
Alarm justification..................................................................................................... 48
9.3.1
Alarm justification process............................................................................... 48
9.3.2
Justification
approach...................................................................................... 49
9.3.3
Individual alarm justification.............................................................................. 49
9.3.4
Impact on alarm
system performance............................................................... 49
9.4
Alarm setpoint determination.................................................................................... 49
9.5
Prioritization................................................................................................................ 50
9.6
Classification.............................................................................................................. 50
9.7
Review....................................................................................................................... 50
9.8
Removal of rejected
alarms...................................................................................... 50
9.9
Documentation........................................................................................................... 50
10
Detailed design: basic alarm design.................................................................................. 50
10.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 50
10.2
Basic alarm design
capabilities................................................................................ 51
10.3
Usage of alarm states............................................................................................... 51
10.3.1
Alarm state triggering........................................................................................ 51
10.3.2
Alarm states and other logic functions............................................................. 51
10.3.3
Alarm suppression and other logic functions................................................... 51
10.4
Alarm types............................................................................................................... 51
10.5
Alarm attributes......................................................................................................... 52
10.5.1
General............................................................................................................... 52
10.5.2
Alarm description.............................................................................................. 52
10.5.3
Alarm setpoints................................................................................................. 52
10.5.4
Alarm priority..................................................................................................... 52
10.5.5
Alarm deadbands.............................................................................................. 52
10.5.6
Alarm on-delay and off-delay............................................................................ 53
10.6
Programmatic changes to alarm attributes............................................................... 53
10.7
Review of basic
alarm design................................................................................... 53
11
Detailed design: human-machine interface design for alarm systems.............................. 54
11.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 54
11.2
HMI functions............................................................................................................ 54
11.2.1
General............................................................................................................... 54
11.2.2
HMI information requirements........................................................................... 54
11.2.3
HMI functional requirements.............................................................................. 54
11.2.4
HMI functional recommendations...................................................................... 54
11.2.5
HMI display requirements.................................................................................. 54
11.2.6
Alarm records requirements.............................................................................. 55
IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022 – 5 –
11.2.7
Alarm records recommendations...................................................................... 55
11.3
Alarm states indications........................................................................................... 55
11.3.1
General............................................................................................................... 55
11.3.2
Required alarm state indications....................................................................... 55
11.3.3
Recommended alarm state indications............................................................. 55
11.3.4
Audible alarm state indications......................................................................... 57
11.4
Alarm priority indications.......................................................................................... 57
11.4.1
General............................................................................................................... 57
11.4.2
Alarm priority indication requirements............................................................... 57
11.4.3
Colour alarm priority
indications requirements.................................................. 57
11.4.4
Recommended alarm priority
indications.......................................................... 57
11.5
Alarm message indications....................................................................................... 58
11.5.1
General............................................................................................................... 58
11.5.2
Recommended alarm message
indications....................................................... 58
11.6
Alarm displays.......................................................................................................... 58
11.6.1
General............................................................................................................... 58
11.6.2
Alarm summary display..................................................................................... 59
11.6.3
Alarm summary status....................................................................................... 60
11.6.4
Alarm log displays............................................................................................ 60
11.6.5
Process displays............................................................................................... 61
11.6.6
Tag detail displays............................................................................................ 61
11.6.7
Other graphic elements..................................................................................... 61
11.7
Alarm shelving........................................................................................................... 61
11.7.1
General............................................................................................................... 61
11.7.2
Alarm shelving functional requirements............................................................ 61
11.7.3
Alarm shelving functional recommendations.................................................... 62
11.7.4
Shelved alarm displays..................................................................................... 62
11.8
Out-of-service
alarms............................................................................................... 62
11.8.1
General............................................................................................................... 62
11.8.2
Out-of-service alarm functional requirements................................................... 63
11.8.3
Out-of-service alarm displays........................................................................... 63
11.9
Alarms suppressed by design.................................................................................. 63
11.9.1
General............................................................................................................... 63
11.9.2
Designed suppression functional requirements................................................ 64
11.9.3
Designed suppression functional recommendations....................................... 64
11.9.4
Suppressed-by-design displays....................................................................... 64
11.10
Alarm annunciator integration................................................................................... 65
11.10.1
General............................................................................................................... 65
11.10.2
Alarm annunciator integration
recommendations.............................................. 65
11.10.3
Alarm annunciator display
integration recommendations.................................. 65
11.11
Safety related alarm
HMI.......................................................................................... 65
11.11.1
General............................................................................................................... 65
11.11.2
Independent safety related
alarm HMI............................................................... 65
12
Detailed design: enhanced
and advanced alarming.......................................................... 65
12.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 65
12.2
Basis of enhanced
and advanced alarming.............................................................. 66
12.2.1
General............................................................................................................... 66
12.2.2
Effort, manpower requirements and complexity............................................... 66
12.3
Information linking.................................................................................................... 66
– 6 – IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022
12.4
Logic-based alarming............................................................................................... 66
12.4.1
General............................................................................................................... 66
12.4.2
Alarm attribute modification.............................................................................. 66
12.4.3
Externally enabled systems.............................................................................. 66
12.4.4
Logical alarm suppression and attribute modification...................................... 66
12.4.5
State-based alarming........................................................................................ 66
12.5
Model-based alarming.............................................................................................. 67
12.6
Additional alarming considerations.......................................................................... 67
12.6.1
General............................................................................................................... 67
12.6.2
Remote alarm systems...................................................................................... 67
12.6.3
Supplementary alarm systems.......................................................................... 67
12.6.4
Batch process considerations........................................................................... 67
12.7
Training, testing, and auditing systems.................................................................... 68
12.8
Alarm attribute enforcement...................................................................................... 68
13
Implementation.................................................................................................................... 68
13.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 68
13.2
Implementation
planning........................................................................................... 68
13.3
Implementation
training............................................................................................. 69
13.3.1
General............................................................................................................... 69
13.3.2
Implementation training requirements for new or modified alarms................... 69
13.3.3
Training documentation requirements for new or modified highly
managed alarms................................................................................................. 69
13.3.4
Training documentation recommendations for new or modified alarms........... 69
13.3.5
Implementation training requirements for new or modified alarm
systems.............................................................................................................. 69
13.3.6
Implementation training recommendations for new or modified alarm
systems.............................................................................................................. 69
13.4
Implementation testing and verification.................................................................... 69
13.4.1
General............................................................................................................... 69
13.4.2
Implementation testing requirements for highly managed
alarms..................... 70
13.4.3
Implementation testing recommendations for new or modified alarms............ 70
13.4.4
Implementation testing requirements for new or modified alarm systems........ 70
13.5
Implementation
documentation................................................................................. 70
13.5.1
General............................................................................................................... 70
13.5.2
Documentation
requirements............................................................................ 70
13.5.3
Implementation
documentation recommendations............................................ 71
14
Operation............................................................................................................................ 71
14.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 71
14.2
Alarm response procedures...................................................................................... 71
14.2.1
Alarm response procedures requirements......................................................... 71
14.2.2
Alarm response procedure
recommendations.................................................. 71
14.3
Alarm shelving........................................................................................................... 72
14.3.1
Alarm shelving requirements............................................................................. 72
14.3.2
Alarm shelving for highly managed
alarms....................................................... 72
14.3.3
Alarm shelving recommendations..................................................................... 72
14.3.4
Alarm shelving record
requirements.................................................................. 72
14.3.5
Shift change procedures and alarm review....................................................... 72
14.4
Refresher training for operators................................................................................ 72
14.4.1
Refresher training requirements for operators.................................................. 72
IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022 – 7 –
14.4.2
Refresher training documentation requirements for highly
managed
alarms................................................................................................................ 72
14.4.3
Refresher training content
for highly managed
alarms..................................... 73
14.4.4
Refresher training recommendations for alarms............................................... 73
15
Maintenance........................................................................................................................ 73
15.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 73
15.2
Periodic alarm testing............................................................................................... 73
15.2.1
General............................................................................................................... 73
15.2.2
Periodic alarm testing
requirements.................................................................. 73
15.2.3
Periodic alarm testing
for highly managed
alarms........................................... 73
15.2.4
Periodic alarm test procedure requirements..................................................... 74
15.2.5
Periodic alarm test procedure recommendations.............................................. 74
15.2.6
Periodic alarm testing
recommendations.......................................................... 74
15.3
Out-of-service
alarms............................................................................................... 74
15.3.1
General............................................................................................................... 74
15.3.2
Out-of-service
process
requirements................................................................ 74
15.3.3
Out-of-service highly managed
alarms............................................................. 74
15.3.4
Out-of-service
process
recommendations........................................................ 75
15.3.5
Requirements for returning alarms to service................................................... 75
15.4
Equipment repair....................................................................................................... 75
15.5
Equipment replacement............................................................................................ 75
15.6
Refresher training for maintenance........................................................................... 75
15.6.1
General requirements........................................................................................ 75
15.6.2
Refresher training requirements for highly managed
alarms............................ 75
15.6.3
Refresher training recommendations for alarms............................................... 75
16
Monitoring and assessment............................................................................................... 75
16.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 75
16.2
Performance monitoring requirements...................................................................... 76
16.3
Monitoring and assessment...................................................................................... 76
16.3.1
General............................................................................................................... 76
16.3.2
Alarm system performance metrics................................................................... 76
16.3.3
Average alarm rate per operator
console......................................................... 76
16.3.4
Peak alarm rate per operator
console............................................................... 77
16.3.5
Alarm floods..................................................................................................... 77
16.3.6
Frequently occurring alarms.............................................................................. 77
16.3.7
Chattering and fleeting
alarms.......................................................................... 77
16.3.8
Stale alarms...................................................................................................... 78
16.3.9
Annunciated alarm priority
distribution............................................................. 78
16.3.10
Rationalization and alarm priority distribution.................................................. 78
16.4
Unauthorized alarm suppression.............................................................................. 78
16.5
Alarm attribute monitoring........................................................................................ 79
16.6
Reporting of alarm
system analyses........................................................................ 79
16.7
Alarm performance metric
summary......................................................................... 79
17
Management of change..................................................................................................... 79
17.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 79
17.2
Changes subject to management of
change............................................................ 80
17.3
Change documentation requirements........................................................................ 80
17.4
Alarm removal recommendations.............................................................................. 80
17.5
Alarm documentation review
recommendations........................................................ 80
– 8 – IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022
18
Audit................................................................................................................................... 80
18.1
Purpose..................................................................................................................... 80
18.2
Benchmark................................................................................................................. 80
18.3
Audit requirements.................................................................................................... 81
18.4
Audit interviews......................................................................................................... 81
18.5
Audit process recommendations.............................................................................. 81
18.6
Action plans.............................................................................................................. 81
Bibliography................................................................................................................................ 82
Figure 2 – Alarm management life cycle.................................................................................... 26
Figure 3 – Alarm state transition diagram.................................................................................. 32
Figure 4 – Alarm response timeline.............................................................................................. 36
Figure 5 – Feedback model of operator-process interaction........................................................ 38
Table 1 – Alarm management life cycle stage inputs and outputs............................................ 31
Table 2 – Summary of alarm states........................................................................................... 34
Table 3 – Required and recommended alarm philosophy contents............................................... 39
Table 4 – Recommended alarm state indications.......................................................................... 57
Table 5 – Average alarm rates..................................................................................................... 77
Table 6 – Example annunciated alarm priority distribution............................................................ 78
Table 7 – Recommended alarm performance metrics
summary.................................................... 79
IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022 – 9 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
MANAGEMENT OF ALARM SYSTEMS
FOR THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National
Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning
standardization in the electrical and
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Available Specifications (PAS)
and Guides (hereafter referred to as
“IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National
Committee interested in the subject
dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance
with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters
express, as nearly as possible,
an international consensus
of opinion on the relevant
subjects since each technical committee has representation from
all interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure
that the technical
content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which
they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote
international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply
IEC Publications transparently to the maximum
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and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national
or regional publication shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide
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to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services
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6)
All users should
ensure that they have the
latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability
shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including
individual experts and members of its technical
committees and IEC National Committees for any personal
injury, property damage
or other damage
of any nature whatsoever, whether
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or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising
out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon,
this IEC Publication or any other
IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative
references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct
application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some
of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights.
IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
IEC 62682 has been prepared by subcommittee 65A: System aspects,
of IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement, control and automation. It is an International Standard.
This second edition
cancels and replaces
the first edition
published in 2014. This edition
constitutes a technical
revision.
This edition includes
minor technical changes
with respect to the previous
edition, based on changes
to ANSI/ISA-18.2:2016. These include the inclusion of packaged systems in the
scope (Clause 1), definitions (Clause
3) and alarm system requirements specification (Clause 7). There are changes to improve clarity
in wording throughout the document.
– 10 – IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
|
Draft |
Report on voting |
|
65A/1046/FDIS |
65A/1064/RVD |
Full information on the voting
for its approval
can be found in the report on voting indicated
in the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC
Directives, IEC Supplement, available at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document
types developed by IEC are described in greater detail
at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents
of this document will remain unchanged
until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific
document. At this date, the document will be
·
reconfirmed,
·
withdrawn,
·
replaced by a revised edition,
or
·
amended.
IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022 – 11 –
INTRODUCTION
This International Standard
addresses the development, design, installation, and management of alarm systems
in the process industries. Alarm management includes
multiple work processes
throughout the alarm management life cycle. This document defines
the terminology and models to develop
an alarm system,
and it defines the work processes recommended to effectively maintain
the alarm throughout the life cycle.
Ineffective alarm systems
have often been cited as contributing factors
in the investigation reports following major process incidents. This document is intended to provide a methodology that will result
in the improved safety, quality,
and operation in the process
industries.
The first edition of this document was adapted from
ANSI/ISA-18.2-2009, Management of Alarm Systems for the Process Industries, an International Society of Automation (ISA) standard, and with due consideration of other guidance
documents that have been developed throughout industry. This second edition
has incorporated some changes made in ANSI/ISA-18.2-2016.
This document is not the first effort
to define terminology and practices for effective alarm systems.
In 1999 the Engineering Equipment and Materials Users’ Association (EEMUA) issued Publication 191, Alarm Systems: A Guide to Design, Management and Procurement, with the 2nd edition published in 2007 and the 3rd edition published in 2013. In 2003 the User Association of Process Control
Technology in Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Industries (NAMUR) issued worksheet
NA 102, Alarm Management, which was updated
in 2008. During
the development and maintenance of this document,
every effort was made to keep terminology and practices consistent with the previous
work of these respected organizations and committees.
This document provides
requirements for alarm management and alarm systems.
It is intended for those individuals and organizations that
a) manufacture or implement embedded
alarm systems,
b) manufacture or install third-party alarm system software,
c) design or install alarm
systems,
d) operate and maintain alarm systems, and
e) audit or assess alarm
system performance.
This document is organized in parts.
The first part (Clause 1 to Clause
3) are normative without
any mandatory requirements. Clause 4 contains mandatory requirements.
Clause 5 is normative without any mandatory requirements. The main body of the
standard (Clause 6 to Clause
18), describes mandatory requirements and non-mandatory recommendations.
Within this document,
mandatory requirements are stated with "shall", non-mandatory recommendations are
stated with "should", and permissible requirements are stated with "may". The phase
"is required" indicates
the requirement has been stated previously in the document.
– 12 – IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022
MANAGEMENT
OF ALARM SYSTEMS
FOR THE PROCESS
INDUSTRIES
1
Scope
1.1
General applicability
This document specifies
general principles and processes for the management of alarm systems
based on controls
system and human-machine interfaces (HMI) for facilities in the process
industries. It covers all alarms
to be presented to the operator through
the control system,
which includes alarms from basic process control
systems, annunciators, packaged
systems, and safety instrumented systems.
The practices in this document
are applicable to continuous, batch,
and discrete processes. There can be differences in implementation to meet the specific needs
based on process
type.
The primary function
within the alarm system is to notify
operators of abnormal
process conditions or equipment malfunctions and support the
response. The alarm systems
can include both the basic process control
system (BPCS) and the safety
instrumented system (SIS),
each of which uses measurements of process conditions and logic to generate alarms.
Figure 1 illustrates the concepts of alarm and response dataflow
through the alarm system. The alarm system also includes a mechanism for
communicating the alarm information to the operator via an HMI, usually
a computer screen
or an annunciator. Additional
functions of the alarm system
are an alarm and event
log, an alarm historian, and the generation of performance metrics
for the alarm system. There are external
systems that can use the data from the alarm system.
Figure 1 is not intended to represent physical
wiring.
IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022 – 13 –
NOTE 1 Packaged systems (e.g., refrigeration machines) can be included in the control
system. NOTE 2 Panel can refer to annunciator panel
or other panel types.
NOTE 3
The lines are intended to represent data flow and not physical
wiring.
Figure
1 – Alarm system dataflow
1.2.1
Operators
The functions of the operator receiving and responding to alarms are included in the
scope of this document. Management of operators is excluded from the scope
of this document.
1.2.2
Process sensors and final control elements
The alarms implemented in sensors and final control elements are
included in the scope of this document. The design and management of process sensors
and final control
elements are excluded
from the scope of this document.
1.2.3
Annunciators
The integration of annunciators into an alarm system is included in the scope of this document. The specification and design of annunciators is excluded from the scope
of this document.
1.2.4
Human machine interface
The appearance of alarms in the HMI and functions of alarm related
displays are included
in the scope of this document. The design and maintenance of the HMI are excluded
from this document.
NOTE ANSI/ISA-101.01-2015 provides
information on HMI design and maintenance.
– 14 – IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022
1.2.5
Safety instrumented systems
The
alarms implemented in a safety instrumented system are included
in the scope of this document.
The design and management of safety instrumented systems are excluded from this document.
NOTE IEC 61511-1 provides
information on safety
instrumented systems.
1.2.6
Fire and gas detection
and protective systems
The alarms from fire and gas detection
and protective systems
presented to the operator through
the control system are included
in the scope of this document. The design and management of fire and gas detection and protective systems
is excluded from the scope of this document.
1.2.7
Security systems
The alarms from security systems
presented to the operator through
the control system
are included in the scope of this document. The design and management of security systems
is excluded from the scope of this document.
1.2.8
Packaged systems
The alarms from packaged systems
presented to the operator through
the control system
are included in the scope of this document. The design and management of packaged systems
is excluded from the scope of this document.
1.2.9
Event data
The indication and processing of analog, discrete,
and event data other than alarm indications are excluded from the scope of this document. The analysis techniques using both alarm and event data are excluded from the scope of this document.
1.2.10
Alarm identification methods
Required methods of
alarm identification are not specified in this
document. Examples of alarm identification methods
are listed.
1.2.11
Management of change
A specific management of change (MOC) procedure is not included
in this document. Some requirements and recommendations for an MOC procedure are included.
1.2.12
Purchase specification
This document is not intended
to be used as an alarm system purchase specification.
2
Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
– 84 – IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022
SOMMAIRE
1.2.2
Capteurs de processus et éléments de commande finaux.................................. 95
1.2.6
Systèmes de détection et de protection contre l’incendie et le gaz.................... 96
3.2
Termes abrégés........................................................................................................ 107
4
Conformité au présent document........................................................................................ 107
4.1
Recommandations pour la conformité....................................................................... 107
4.2
Systèmes existants................................................................................................... 107
4.3
Utilisation des fonctionnalités exigées....................................................................... 107
4.4
Responsabilité.......................................................................................................... 108
4.5
Juridictions locales.................................................................................................... 108
5
Modèles de système
d’alarme............................................................................................ 108
5.1
Systèmes d’alarme.................................................................................................... 108
5.2
Cycle de vie de la gestion d’alarme........................................................................... 108
5.2.1
Modèle de cycle de vie de la gestion d’alarme.................................................. 108
5.2.2
Stades du cycle de vie de la gestion d’alarme.................................................. 109
5.2.3
Points d’entrée du cycle de gestion d’alarme..................................................... 112
5.2.4
Stades simultanés et intégrants......................................................................... 112
5.2.5
Boucles du cycle de vie de la gestion d’alarme................................................. 113
5.2.6
Entrées et sorties
du stade de cycle de vie de gestion des alarmes............... 113
5.3
États d’alarme........................................................................................................... 114
5.3.1
Schéma de transition d’états d’alarme................................................................ 114
5.3.2
États d’alarme................................................................................................... 115
5.3.3
Chemins de transition entre les états d’alarme................................................... 117
5.4
Chronologie de la réponse aux alarmes..................................................................... 118
5.4.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 118
5.4.2
Normale (A)....................................................................................................... 119
5.4.3
Non acquittée (B).............................................................................................. 119
5.4.4
Acquittée (C) et réponse.................................................................................... 119
5.4.5
Retour à la normale (D)..................................................................................... 120
IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022 – 85 –
5.4.6
Temps de réponse
admissible........................................................................ 120
5.4.7
Point de consigne
d’alarme............................................................................. 120
5.4.8
Seuil de conséquence..................................................................................... 120
5.4.9
Bande morte d’alarme..................................................................................... 120
5.5
Modèle de rétroaction de l’interaction opérateur-processus.................................. 121
5.5.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 121
5.5.2
Détecter............................................................................................................ 121
5.5.3
Diagnostiquer................................................................................................... 121
5.5.4
Répondre.......................................................................................................... 121
5.5.5
Facteurs de mise en forme des performances............................................... 121
6
Philosophie d’alarme....................................................................................................... 122
6.1
Objectif.................................................................................................................... 122
6.2
Contenu de la philosophie d’alarme........................................................................ 122
6.2.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 122
6.2.2
Objectif du système
d’alarme......................................................................... 123
6.2.3
Définitions........................................................................................................ 123
6.2.4
Références....................................................................................................... 123
6.2.5
Rôles et responsabilités pour une gestion
d’alarme....................................... 123
6.2.6
Principes de conception d’alarme................................................................... 124
6.2.7
Détermination du point de consigne
d’alarme................................................. 124
6.2.8
Méthode de priorisation.................................................................................. 124
6.2.9
Définition de la classe d’alarme...................................................................... 124
6.2.10
Alarmes intensément gérées........................................................................... 125
6.2.11
Rationalisation.................................................................................................. 125
6.2.12
Documentation
d’alarme................................................................................. 125
6.2.13
Recommandations pour la conception d’alarmes........................................... 125
6.2.14
Considérations de conception spécifique d’alarme........................................ 126
6.2.15
Principes de conception d’IHM....................................................................... 126
6.2.16
Techniques d’alarmes améliorées et évoluées approuvées............................ 126
6.2.17
Recommandations pour la mise en œuvre...................................................... 126
6.2.18
Procédures de réponse
aux alarmes............................................................... 126
6.2.19
Conditionnement............................................................................................... 126
6.2.20
Suspension d’alarme....................................................................................... 127
6.2.21
Maintenance de système
d’alarme.................................................................. 127
6.2.22
Essais d’alarmes............................................................................................. 127
6.2.23
Surveillance des performances du système d’alarme.................................... 127
6.2.24
Préservation de l’historique des alarmes........................................................ 127
6.2.25
Gestion des changements............................................................................... 127
6.2.26
Audit de gestion
d’alarme............................................................................... 128
6.2.27
Procédures de site associées......................................................................... 128
6.3
Mise au point
et maintenance de philosophie d’alarme......................................... 128
7
Spécification des exigences
de système d’alarme......................................................... 128
7.1
Objectif.................................................................................................................... 128
7.2
Recommandations.................................................................................................... 129
7.3
Mise au point.......................................................................................................... 129
7.4
Évaluation des systèmes........................................................................................ 130
7.5
Systèmes conditionnés........................................................................................... 130
7.6
Personnalisation....................................................................................................... 130
7.7
Vérification des exigences de système d’alarme................................................... 130
– 86 – IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022
8
Identification...................................................................................................................... 130
8.1
Objectif.................................................................................................................... 130
8.2
Méthodes d’identification d’alarme........................................................................ 130
8.3
Formation à l’identification..................................................................................... 131
8.4
Documentation
d’identification............................................................................... 131
9
Rationalisation................................................................................................................... 131
9.1
Objectif.................................................................................................................... 131
9.2
Documentation
de
rationalisation........................................................................... 131
9.2.1
Exigences relatives à la documentation de rationalisation............................ 131
9.2.2
Recommandations relatives à la documentation de rationalisation................ 132
9.2.3
États de l’installation....................................................................................... 132
9.3
Justification
d’alarme.............................................................................................. 132
9.3.1
Processus de justification d’alarme................................................................ 132
9.3.2
Méthode de justification.................................................................................. 132
9.3.3
Justification
d’alarmes séparées.................................................................... 132
9.3.4
Impact sur les performances du système d’alarme........................................ 133
9.4
Détermination du point de consigne
d’alarme........................................................ 133
9.5
Priorisation............................................................................................................... 133
9.6
Classification............................................................................................................ 133
9.7
Revue....................................................................................................................... 134
9.8
Retrait d’alarmes refusées...................................................................................... 134
9.9
Documentation......................................................................................................... 134
10
Conception détaillée: conception d’alarme de base....................................................... 134
10.1
Objectif.................................................................................................................... 134
10.2
Fonctionnalités de conception d’alarme de base................................................... 134
10.3
Utilisation des états
d’alarme................................................................................. 134
10.3.1
Déclenchement des états d’alarme................................................................. 134
10.3.2
Etats d’alarme et autres fonctions
logiques................................................... 135
10.3.3
Suppression d’alarme et autres fonctions logiques....................................... 135
10.4
Types d’alarmes...................................................................................................... 135
10.5
Attributs d’alarme.................................................................................................... 136
10.5.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 136
10.5.2
Description d’alarme....................................................................................... 136
10.5.3
Points de consigne
d’alarme........................................................................... 136
10.5.4
Priorité d’alarme.............................................................................................. 136
10.5.5
Bandes mortes d’alarme.................................................................................. 136
10.5.6
Retard à l’activation et retard à la désactivation d’alarme............................. 137
10.6
Changements programmatiques des attributs d’alarme.......................................... 137
10.7
Examen de la conception d’alarme
de base........................................................... 138
11
Conception détaillée: conception de l’interface homme-machine pour les systèmes
d’alarme............................................................................................................................ 138
11.1
Objectif.................................................................................................................... 138
11.2
Fonctions de l’IHM.................................................................................................. 138
11.2.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 138
11.2.2
Exigences relatives aux informations de l’IHM............................................... 138
11.2.3
Exigences fonctionnelles de l’IHM.................................................................. 138
11.2.4
Recommandations fonctionnelles de l’IHM..................................................... 138
11.2.5
Exigences relatives à l’affichage de l’IHM...................................................... 139
11.2.6
Exigences relatives aux enregistrements d’alarme......................................... 139
IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022 – 87 –
11.2.7
Recommandations relatives aux enregistrements d’alarme............................ 139
11.3
Indications d’états d’alarme.................................................................................... 139
11.3.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 139
11.3.2
Indications exigées d’états
d’alarme............................................................... 139
11.3.3
Indications recommandées pour les états d’alarme....................................... 140
11.3.4
Indications sonores d’états
d’alarme.............................................................. 141
11.4
Indications de priorité
d’alarme............................................................................... 141
11.4.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 141
11.4.2
Exigences relatives à l’indication des priorités d’alarme................................ 141
11.4.3
Exigences relatives aux indications des priorités d’alarme
en couleur.......... 141
11.4.4
Indications recommandées de priorités d’alarme........................................... 142
11.5
Indications de message
d’alarme........................................................................... 142
11.5.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 142
11.5.2
Indications recommandées pour les messages
d’alarme............................... 142
11.6
Affichages d’alarme................................................................................................ 142
11.6.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 142
11.6.2
Affichage de résumés
d’alarmes..................................................................... 143
11.6.3
Statut de résumé
d’alarmes............................................................................. 144
11.6.4
Affichages de journaux
d’alarme.................................................................... 144
11.6.5
Affichages de processus................................................................................ 145
11.6.6
Affichages des détails
d’étiquette.................................................................. 145
11.6.7
Autres éléments graphiques............................................................................ 145
11.7
Suspension d’alarme.............................................................................................. 145
11.7.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 145
11.7.2
Exigences fonctionnelles de la suspension d’alarme..................................... 145
11.7.3
Recommandations fonctionnelles de la suspension d’alarme........................ 146
11.7.4
Affichages d’alarmes suspendues.................................................................. 146
11.8
Alarmes "hors service"............................................................................................ 147
11.8.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 147
11.8.2
Exigences fonctionnelles relatives aux alarmes "hors service"...................... 147
11.8.3
Affichages d’alarme "hors service"................................................................. 147
11.9
Alarmes supprimées par conception....................................................................... 148
11.9.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 148
11.9.2
Exigences fonctionnelles relatives
à la suppression conçue......................... 148
11.9.3
Recommandations fonctionnelles relatives à la suppression conçue............. 148
11.9.4
Affichages supprimés par conception............................................................ 148
11.10
Intégration d’annonceur d’alarme............................................................................ 149
11.10.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 149
11.10.2
Recommandations relatives à l’intégration d’annonceurs d’alarme................ 149
11.10.3
Recommandations relatives à l’affichage d’annonceurs d’alarme.................. 149
11.11
IHM pour alarmes
liées à la sécurité....................................................................... 149
11.11.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 149
11.11.2
IHM indépendante pour alarmes liées à la sécurité......................................... 150
12
Conception détaillée: alarmes
améliorées et avancées................................................... 150
12.1
Objectif.................................................................................................................... 150
12.2
Base des alarmes
améliorées et avancées............................................................. 150
12.2.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 150
12.2.2
Effort, exigences relatives
à la main-d’œuvre et complexité.......................... 150
12.3
Liaison d’informations............................................................................................ 150
– 88 – IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022
12.4
Alarme basée sur une logique................................................................................. 151
12.4.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 151
12.4.2
Modification d’attributs d’alarme.................................................................... 151
12.4.3
Systèmes activés de l’extérieur...................................................................... 151
12.4.4
Suppression logique d’alarme
et modification d’attributs.............................. 151
12.4.5
Alarmes à base d’état...................................................................................... 151
12.5
Alarmes à base de modèle..................................................................................... 151
12.6
Aspects supplémentaires à considérer pour les alarmes........................................ 151
12.6.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 151
12.6.2
Systèmes d’alarme à distance......................................................................... 152
12.6.3
Systèmes d’alarme supplémentaires............................................................... 152
12.6.4
Considérations relatives aux processus discontinus...................................... 152
12.7
Formation, essais et audit de systèmes................................................................ 153
12.8
Exécution d’attributs d’alarme................................................................................ 153
13
Mise en œuvre.................................................................................................................. 153
13.1
Objectif.................................................................................................................... 153
13.2
Planification de la mise en œuvre........................................................................... 153
13.3
Formation à la mise en œuvre................................................................................ 153
13.3.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 153
13.3.2
Exigences relatives à la formation
à la mise en œuvre pour les alarmes
nouvelles ou modifiées.................................................................................... 153
13.3.3
Exigences relatives à la documentation de la formation
pour les
alarmes intensément gérées
nouvelles ou modifiées...................................... 154
13.3.4
Recommandations relatives à la documentation sur la formation aux
alarmes nouvelles ou modifiées...................................................................... 154
13.3.5
Exigences relatives à la formation
à la mise en œuvre des systèmes
d’alarme nouveaux ou modifiés....................................................................... 154
13.3.6
Recommandations relatives à la formation
à la mise en œuvre des
systèmes d’alarme nouveaux
ou modifiés....................................................... 154
13.4
Essais et vérification de la mise en œuvre............................................................. 154
13.4.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 154
13.4.2
Exigences relatives aux essais de mise en œuvre des alarmes
intensément gérées.......................................................................................... 154
13.4.3
Recommandations relatives aux essais de mise en œuvre des alarmes
nouvelles ou modifiées.................................................................................... 155
13.4.4
Exigences relatives aux essais de mise en œuvre des systèmes
d’alarme nouveaux ou modifiés....................................................................... 155
13.5
Documentation de la mise en œuvre....................................................................... 155
13.5.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 155
13.5.2
Exigences relatives à la documentation......................................................... 155
13.5.3
Recommandations relatives à la documentation sur la mise en œuvre......... 156
14
Exploitation....................................................................................................................... 156
14.1
Objectif.................................................................................................................... 156
14.2
Procédures de réponse
aux alarmes...................................................................... 156
14.2.1
Exigences relatives aux procédures de réponse aux alarmes........................ 156
14.2.2
Recommandations relatives aux procédures de réponse aux alarmes........... 156
14.3
Suspension d’alarme.............................................................................................. 157
14.3.1
Exigences relatives à la suspension d’alarme................................................. 157
14.3.2
Suspension d’alarme en cas d’alarmes
intensément gérées........................... 157
14.3.3
Recommandations relatives à la suspension d’alarme................................... 157
IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022 – 89 –
14.3.4
Exigences relatives à l’enregistrement de la suspension d’alarme................ 157
14.3.5
Procédures de changements de poste et revue d’alarmes............................ 157
14.4
Formation de mise à jour des connaissances pour les opérateurs........................ 157
14.4.1
Exigences relatives à la formation de mise à jour des connaissances
pour les opérateurs.......................................................................................... 157
14.4.2
Exigences relatives à la documentation de formation de mise à jour des
connaissances en cas d’alarmes intensément gérées..................................... 158
14.4.3
Contenu de la formation de mise à jour des connaissances en cas
d’alarmes intensément gérées.......................................................................... 158
14.4.4
Recommandations relatives à la formation
de mise à jour des
connaissances sur les alarmes........................................................................ 158
15
Maintenance...................................................................................................................... 158
15.1
Objectif.................................................................................................................... 158
15.2
Essais d’alarme périodiques................................................................................... 158
15.2.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 158
15.2.2
Exigences relatives aux essais d’alarme
périodiques.................................... 159
15.2.3
Essais d’alarme périodiques pour les alarmes
intensément gérées............... 159
15.2.4
Exigences relatives à la procédure d’essais d’alarme périodiques................ 159
15.2.5
Recommandations relatives à la procédure d’essais d’alarme
périodiques....................................................................................................... 159
15.2.6
Recommandations relatives aux essais d’alarme
périodiques....................... 159
15.3
Alarmes "hors service"............................................................................................ 159
15.3.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 159
15.3.2
Exigences relatives aux processus hors service............................................ 160
15.3.3
Alarmes intensément gérées
hors service...................................................... 160
15.3.4
Recommandations relatives aux processus hors service............................... 160
15.3.5
Exigences pour le retour d’alarme
en service................................................. 160
15.4
Réparation de matériel............................................................................................ 160
15.5
Remplacement de matériel...................................................................................... 160
15.6
Formation de mise à jour des connaissances pour la maintenance....................... 161
15.6.1
Exigences générales....................................................................................... 161
15.6.2
Exigences relatives à la formation de mise à jour des connaissances
sur les alarmes
intensément gérées................................................................. 161
15.6.3
Recommandations relatives à la formation
de mise à jour des
connaissances sur les alarmes........................................................................ 161
16
Surveillance et évaluation................................................................................................ 161
16.1
Objectif.................................................................................................................... 161
16.2
Exigences relatives à la surveillance des performances........................................ 161
16.3
Surveillance et évaluation....................................................................................... 161
16.3.1
Généralités........................................................................................................ 161
16.3.2
Métrique des performances de système d’alarme.......................................... 162
16.3.3
Valeur moyenne de la fréquence d’alarme par console
d’opérateur............... 162
16.3.4
Valeur de crête de la fréquence d’alarme
par console d’opérateur................. 162
16.3.5
Inondations d’alarmes..................................................................................... 163
16.3.6
Alarmes fréquentes......................................................................................... 163
16.3.7
Alarmes oscillantes et alarmes fugaces......................................................... 163
16.3.8
Alarmes prolongées........................................................................................ 163
16.3.9
Distribution des priorités d’alarme annoncées................................................ 164
16.3.10
Rationalisation et distribution des priorités d’alarme
annoncées................... 164
16.4
Suppression d’alarme non autorisée...................................................................... 164
– 90 – IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022
16.5
Surveillance d’attributs d’alarme............................................................................. 164
16.6
Rapports relatifs aux analyses de systèmes d’alarme........................................... 165
16.7
Résumé des métriques
de performances d’alarme................................................. 165
17
Gestion des changements................................................................................................ 165
17.1
Objectif.................................................................................................................... 165
17.2
Changements soumis à la gestion
des changements............................................ 166
17.3
Exigences relatives à la documentation sur les changements............................... 166
17.4
Recommandations relatives au retrait d’alarme...................................................... 166
17.5
Recommandations relatives à la revue de la documentation sur les alarmes........ 166
18
Audit................................................................................................................................. 166
18.1
Objectif.................................................................................................................... 166
18.2
Référence................................................................................................................. 167
18.3
Exigences relatives à l’audit................................................................................... 167
18.4
Entrevues d’audit.................................................................................................... 167
18.5
Recommandations relatives au processus d’audit................................................. 167
18.6
Plans d’action......................................................................................................... 167
Bibliographie............................................................................................................................. 168
Figure 2 – Cycle de vie de la gestion
d’alarme........................................................................ 109
Figure 3 – Schéma de transition d’états
d’alarme.................................................................... 115
Figure 4 – Chronologie de la réponse
aux alarmes..................................................................... 119
Figure 5 – Modèle de rétroaction de l’interaction opérateur-processus....................................... 121
Tableau 1 – Entrées et sorties du stade de cycle de vie de gestion des alarmes................... 114
Tableau 2 – Résumé des états d’alarme.................................................................................. 117
Tableau 3 – Contenu exigé et recommandé de la philosophie d’alarme..................................... 122
Tableau 4 – Indications recommandées pour les états d’alarme................................................. 141
Tableau 5 – Valeurs moyennes
de la fréquence d’alarme............................................................ 162
Tableau 6 – Exemple de distribution des priorités d’alarme
annoncées..................................... 164
Tableau 7 – Résumé des métriques de performances d’alarme
recommandées......................... 165
IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022 – 91 –
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
GESTION DE SYSTÈMES D’ALARME
DANS LES INDUSTRIES DE TRANSFORMATION
AVANT-PROPOS
1) La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est une
organisation mondiale de normalisation composée de l’ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de l’IEC). L’IEC a pour objet de favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans
les domaines de l’électricité et de l’électronique. A cet effet, l’IEC – entre autres
activités – publie
des Normes internationales, des Spécifications techniques, des Rapports techniques, des Spécifications accessibles au public (PAS) et des Guides (ci-après
dénommés "Publication(s) de l’IEC"). Leur élaboration est confiée à des comités
d’études, aux travaux
desquels tout Comité
national intéressé par le sujet
traité peut participer. Les
organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’IEC, participent également aux travaux.
L’IEC collabore étroitement avec l’Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO),
selon des conditions fixées par accord entre les deux organisations.
2) Les décisions
ou accords officiels
de l’IEC concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesure du possible, un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités
nationaux de l’IEC intéressés sont représentés dans chaque comité d’études.
3) Les Publications de l’IEC se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales et sont agréées
comme telles par les Comités
nationaux de l’IEC.
Tous les efforts
raisonnables sont entrepris
afin que l’IEC s’assure de l’exactitude du contenu technique
de ses Publications; l’IEC ne peut pas être tenue responsable de l’éventuelle mauvaise
utilisation ou interprétation qui en est faite par un quelconque utilisateur final.
4) Dans le but d’encourager l’uniformité internationale, les Comités nationaux de l’IEC s’engagent, dans toute la mesure possible,
à appliquer de façon transparente les Publications de l’IEC dans leurs publications nationales et régionales. Toutes divergences entre
toutes Publications de l’IEC et toutes publications nationales
ou régionales correspondantes doivent être indiquées en termes clairs dans ces dernières.
5) L’IEC elle-même
ne fournit aucune
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d’évaluation de conformité et, dans certains
secteurs, accèdent aux marques de conformité de l’IEC. L’IEC n’est responsable d’aucun des services
effectués par les organismes de certification indépendants.
6)
Tous les utilisateurs doivent s’assurer qu’ils
sont en possession de la dernière édition
de cette publication.
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de ses comités d’études et des Comités
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de la publication ou de l’utilisation de cette Publication de l’IEC ou de toute autre Publication de l’IEC, ou au crédit qui lui est accordé.
8) L’attention est attirée sur les références normatives citées dans cette publication. L’utilisation de publications référencées est obligatoire pour une application correcte de la présente publication.
9) L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains
des éléments de la présente
publication de l’IEC peuvent faire l’objet de droits de brevet. L’IEC ne saurait
être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié
de tels droits de brevets.
L’IEC 62682 a
été établie par le sous-comité 65A: Aspects systèmes, du comité d’études 65 de l’IEC: Mesure,
commande et automation dans les processus
industriels. Il s’agit d’une Norme internationale.
Cette deuxième édition
annule et remplace
la première édition
parue en 2014. Cette édition
constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut des modifications techniques mineures par rapport à l’édition précédente, en se basant sur les modifications de l’ANSI/ISA-18.2:2016. Elles comprennent l’ajout
de systèmes conditionnés dans le domaine
d’application (Article 1), de définitions (Article 3) et la spécification des exigences relatives
aux systèmes d’alarme
(Article 7). Ces modifications ont été apportées pour améliorer la clarté de la formulation dans l’ensemble du document.
– 92 – IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022
Le texte de cette Norme internationale est issu des documents suivants:
|
Projet |
Rapport de vote |
|
65A/1046/FDIS |
65A/1064/RVD |
Le rapport de vote indiqué
dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute
information sur le vote ayant abouti à son approbation.
La langue employée
pour l’élaboration de cette Norme internationale est l’anglais.
Ce document a été
rédigé selon les Directives ISO/IEC,
Partie 2, il a été développé
selon les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1
et les Directives ISO/IEC, Supplément IEC, disponibles sous www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. Les principaux types
de documents développés
par l’IEC sont décrits plus en détail
sous www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
Le comité a décidé que le contenu de ce document ne sera
pas modifié avant la date de stabilité indiquée
sur le site web de l’IEC sous webstore.iec.ch dans les données relatives au
document recherché. A cette date, le document
sera:
·
reconduit,
·
supprimé,
·
remplacé par une édition révisée,
ou
·
amendé.
IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022 – 93 –
INTRODUCTION
La présente Norme internationale traite
du développement, de la conception, de l’installation et de la gestion de systèmes d’alarme
dans les industries de transformation. La gestion des alarmes inclut
plusieurs processus de travail pendant
tout le cycle de vie de la gestion d’alarme.
Le présent document
définit la terminologie et les modèles
pour développer un système d’alarme,
il définit aussi les processus
de travail recommandés pour maintenir efficacement l’alarme tout au long du cycle de vie. Des systèmes d’alarme
inefficaces ont souvent
été cités dans les rapports
d’investigation comme des facteurs ayant contribué à des incidents
de processus majeurs.
Le présent document
vise à fournir une méthodologie qui conduit à une sécurité,
qualité et exploitation améliorées dans les industries de transformation.
La première édition
du présent document a été adaptée
de la norme ISA
(International Society of Automation) ANSI/ISA-18.2-2009 Management of Alarm Systems
for the Process
Industries,
en tenant pleinement compte d’autres documents
d’orientation qui ont été élaborés
dans l’ensemble du secteur. La présente deuxième
édition incorpore certaines
modifications apportées à l’ANSI/ISA-18.2-2016.
Le présent document
n’est pas le premier
effort visant à définir
la terminologie et les pratiques pour des systèmes
d’alarme efficaces. En 1999, l’EEMUA
(Engineering Equipment and Materials Users’ Association) a produit la Publication 191, Alarm Systems: A Guide to Design, Management and Procurement, avec la deuxième édition
parue en 2007 et la troisième édition parue en 2013. En 2003, la NAMUR (User Association of Process Control
Technology in Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Industries) a
publié la feuille
de travail NA 102, Alarm Management, qui a été mise à jour en 2008. Au cours du développement et de la maintenance du présent document,
tous les efforts
ont été faits pour maintenir la terminologie et les pratiques cohérentes avec le travail antérieur de ces organisations et comités respectés.
Le présent document
fournit les exigences relatives à la gestion des alarmes et aux systèmes d’alarme.
Il est destiné aux personnes
et aux organisations qui:
a)
fabriquent ou mettent
en œuvre des systèmes d’alarme
intégrés;
b)
fabriquent ou installent
des logiciels pour systèmes d’alarme
de tiers;
c)
conçoivent ou installent des systèmes d’alarme;
d)
exploitent et maintiennent des systèmes d’alarme; et
e)
auditent ou évaluent
les performances des systèmes d’alarme.
Le présent document est organisé en plusieurs parties. La première partie (Article 1 à Article
3) est
normative sans aucune exigence obligatoire. L’Article 4 contient des exigences obligatoires. L’Article 5 est normatif
sans aucune exigence
obligatoire. Le corps de la norme (Article 6 à Article 18) fournit les exigences obligatoires et des recommandations non obligatoires.
Dans le présent
document, les exigences
obligatoires sont indiquées
par "doit", les recommandations non obligatoires sont indiquées par "il
convient" et les exigences admissibles sont indiquées par "peut". L’expression "est exigé" indique
que l’exigence a été énoncée
précédemment dans le document.
– 94 – IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022
GESTION DE SYSTÈMES D’ALARME
DANS LES INDUSTRIES DE TRANSFORMATION
1
Domaine d’application
1.1
Applicabilité générale
Le présent document
spécifie les principes
et les processus généraux pour la gestion
de systèmes d’alarme
basés sur des systèmes de commande et des interfaces homme-machine (IHM) pour des moyens dans les industries de transformation. Il couvre toutes
les alarmes présentées à l’opérateur par le système
de commande, qui incluent les systèmes de commande de processus de base,
les annonceurs, les systèmes conditionnés et les systèmes
instrumentés de sécurité.
Les pratiques dans le présent
document sont applicables aux processus continus,
aux processus par lots et aux processus discrets. Il peut y avoir
des différences de mise en œuvre pour satisfaire aux besoins spécifiques en fonction du type de processus.
La fonction première
du système d’alarme
est de notifier aux opérateurs les conditions de processus anormales
ou les dysfonctionnements du matériel
et d’aider à leur résolution. Les systèmes d’alarme peuvent inclure tant le système de commande de processus de base (BPCS) que le système
instrumenté de sécurité
(SIS), qui utilisent
chacun les mesures
des conditions de processus et une logique
pour produire des alarmes. La Figure 1 représente les concepts d’alarme
et de flux de données
de réponse dans le système
d’alarme. Le système
d’alarme inclut également
un mécanisme pour communiquer les informations d’alarme
à l’opérateur par l’intermédiaire d’une IHM, habituellement un écran de calculateur ou un annonceur. Les fonctions supplémentaires du système d’alarme
consistent en un journal des alarmes et des événements, un historique des alarmes et la production d’une métrique de performances pour le système
d’alarme. Il existe
des systèmes externes
qui peuvent utiliser
les données issues du système d’alarme.
La Figure 1 ne représente pas le câblage
physique.
IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022 – 95 –
NOTE 1 Les systèmes
conditionnés (par exemple machines frigorifiques) peuvent être inclus dans le système de commande.
NOTE 2 Le terme "tableau" peut faire référence
à un tableau annonciateur ou à d’autres
types de tableaux. NOTE 3 Les lignes sont destinées à représenter le flux de données et non le câblage physique.
Figure 1 – Flux de données du système d’alarme
1.2.1
Opérateurs
Les fonctions de l’opérateur recevant des alarmes et y répondant
sont incluses dans le domaine d’application du présent document.
La gestion des opérateurs est exclue du domaine d’application du présent document.
1.2.2
Capteurs de processus et éléments de commande finaux
Les alarmes mises en œuvre dans des capteurs et des éléments
finaux de commande
sont incluses dans le domaine
d’application du présent
document. La conception et la gestion
des capteurs de processus et des éléments
finaux de commande
sont exclues du domaine d’application du présent document.
1.2.3
Annonceurs
L’intégration d’annonceurs dans un système
d’alarme est incluse
dans le domaine d’application du présent document.
La spécification et la
conception d’annonceurs sont exclues du domaine d’application du présent document.
– 96 – IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022
1.2.4
Interface homme-machine
L’aspect des alarmes
dans l’IHM et les fonctions
d’alarme relatives aux affichages sont inclus dans le domaine
d’application du présent
document. La conception et la maintenance de l’IHM sont exclues du présent document.
NOTE L’ANSI/ISA-101.01-2015 fournit
des informations sur la conception et la maintenance de l’IHM.
1.2.5
Systèmes instrumentés de sécurité
Les alarmes mises en œuvre dans un système instrumenté de sécurité sont incluses dans le domaine
d’application du présent
document. La conception et la gestion
des systèmes instrumentés de sécurité sont exclues du présent document.
NOTE L’IEC
61511-1 fournit des informations sur les systèmes
instrumentés de sécurité.
1.2.6
Systèmes de détection et de protection contre l’incendie et le gaz
Les alarmes issues des systèmes
de détection et de protection contre l’incendie et le gaz présentées à l’opérateur par le système
de commande sont incluses dans le domaine
d’application du présent
document. La conception et la gestion
des systèmes de détection et de protection contre l’incendie et le gaz sont exclues
du domaine d’application du présent document.
1.2.7
Systèmes de sécurité
Les alarmes issues des systèmes
de sécurité présentées à l’opérateur par le système
de commande sont incluses dans le domaine
d’application du présent
document. La conception et la gestion
des systèmes de sécurité sont exclues du domaine d’application du présent document.
1.2.8
Systèmes conditionnés
Les alarmes issues des systèmes
conditionnés présentées à l’opérateur par le système
de commande sont incluses dans le domaine
d’application du présent
document. La conception et la gestion
des systèmes conditionnés sont exclues du domaine d’application du présent document.
1.2.9
Données d’événement
L’indication et le traitement des données analogiques, discrètes et événementielles autres que les indications d’alarme
sont exclus du domaine d’application du présent document.
Les techniques d’analyse
utilisant des données
d’alarme et d’événement sont exclues du domaine d’application du présent document.
1.2.10
Méthodes d’identification des alarmes
Des méthodes exigées
d’identification d’alarme ne sont pas spécifiées dans le présent
document. Des exemples
de méthodes d’identification des alarmes sont énumérés.
1.2.11
Gestion des changements
Une procédure spécifique de gestion des changements (MOC) n’est pas
incluse dans le présent document. Un certain nombre
d’exigences et de recommandations relatives à une procédure
MOC sont incluses.
1.2.12
Spécification d’achat
Le présent document
n’est pas destiné
à être utilisé comme une spécification d’achat
de systèmes d’alarme.
IEC 62682:2022 © IEC 2022 – 97 –
2
Références normatives
Le présent
document ne contient
aucune référence normative.
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